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Case Report
Delivery of Telemedicine to Manage Cardiac Palpitations with Herbal Medicine in a Patient with Premature Ventricular Complexes Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Jimin Kim1,†orcid, Hyungsun Jun2,†orcid, Jungtae Leem2,3,4orcid, Hyeryun Lee5orcid, Chul-Woo Ahn2,6orcid, Dasol Park2,*orcid
Perspectives on Integrative Medicine 2025;4(2):110-116.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2025.06.006
Published online: June 30, 2025

1College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea

2Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea

3Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea

4Department of Il-Won Integrated Medicine, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea

5Cham Kyung-hee Korean Medicine Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea

6Ansim Korean Medicine Clinic, Incheon, Republic of Korea

*Corresponding author: Dasol Park, Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, Republic of Korea, Email: mare927@naver.com
† The authors contributed equality.
• Received: March 12, 2025   • Revised: May 18, 2025   • Accepted: May 22, 2025

©2025 Jaseng Medical Foundation

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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  • A patient living abroad who underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation 3 years ago experienced recurrent arrhythmia symptoms 3 months ago and was diagnosed with premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) confirmed by Holter monitoring. He was advised to undergo repeat catheter ablation, however, he sought traditional Korean medicine (TKM) treatment advised via telemedicine. He reported continuous irregular heartbeats [numeric rating scale (NRS) score 10]. He was started on Yixin Tang, and by the 3rd day of administration his symptoms of irregular heartbeats had disappeared (NRS 0) and did not return during the subsequent 320-day observation period. Pain caused by tightness in the chest and throat (NRS 8) did not show improvement despite various prescriptions; a noncardiac etiology, likely gastrointestinal, was suspected. Heart failure as measured by NT-pro BNP levels, was consistently elevated borderline, around 130 pg/mL, (possible heart failure), and on Day 320 it was normal measuring 50 pg/mL (heart failure less likely). No serious adverse events were reported following TKM treatment. This case suggests the potential value of TKM remote treatment in meeting the unmet needs of arrhythmia patients. Further research, including controlled clinical trials and development of telemedicine-specific guidelines, is warranted.
Arrythmia refer to abnormal cardiac rhythms caused by disruption in the heart’s electrical activity. Arrythmia stems from a range of pathologies including premature contractions, and atrial and ventricular fibrillation, it had an estimated global prevalence, reviewed in 2008, of 1.5%–5% [1]. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically significant arrhythmia, affecting 33.5 million people globally in 2010 and rising to 59 million by 2019 [1].
Standard arrhythmia treatments include beta-blockers and antiarrhythmic drugs, and catheter ablation which has been shown to be effective in controlling arrhythmic symptoms and improving prognosis [2]. However, standard pharmacotherapy for arrhythmias, including antiarrhythmic drugs, has limitations including poor responsiveness, high recurrence rates, side effects, and drug interactions [3]. Catheter ablation shows better symptom control and prognosis than pharmacotherapy, but frequent recurrences often require repeat procedures, and result in substantial cost burdens [4]. In addition, the practice of monitoring mildly symptomatic premature beats without intervention may overlook potential progression to severe arrhythmias or complications. This highlights the need for alternative, complementary, arrhythmia management strategies [5].
Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) including acupuncture and herbal medicines has been applied to arrhythmias presenting as palpitations, irregular heartbeats, dizziness, and chronic fatigue [6,7]. Meta-analyses of herbal medicine treatment for arrhythmias have demonstrated that combination therapy, including herbal medicine, has shown significantly better or equivalently effective rates compared with standard treatment alone, and without notable adverse effects [6,7]. These findings suggest that TKM may help overcome certain limitations of standard treatments. An integrative approach to arrhythmia management, combining standard treatments, TKM therapies, and lifestyle interventions requires clinical guidelines due to potential herbal-conventional drug interactions, and the impact of lifestyle factors on arrhythmias.
Technological advancements have accelerated global telemedicine demand since the COVID-19 pandemic, and many countries, including South Korea, are actively reforming healthcare systems and regulations [8]. Telemedicine services, especially for citizens abroad, are crucial for safeguarding health and welfare rights, yet practical barriers still hinder broader implementation of telemedicine services, despite technological advancements [9].
This case report was prepared following the CARE guidelines and presents the application of TKM in managing premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) after catheter ablation for AF in a patient living abroad. It aims to highlight the potential of TKM in addressing the unmet needs in arrhythmia care, and assess the feasibility of cardiac-focused TKM via telemedicine.
The patient, a Korean national living abroad for occupational reasons, sought medical services from a Korean traditional medicine clinic. In his country of residence, only fixed-dose herbal medicines are available, and this limits adjustments based on the patient condition. Diagnosis and clinical evaluation were performed through phone interviews, messaging-based visual assessments, and diagnostic reports from other clinics were reviewed. Herbal medicines were sent to the patient along with an official English medical report and prescription. The patient’s condition was actively monitored via messaging throughout the TKM treatment.
1. Patient information
A man in his late 50s, living overseas, developed daily irregular heartbeats 3 months ago. He had them 3 years prior, and when Holter monitoring confirmed AF, catheter ablation was performed which led to rhythm normalization. During a recent checkup, he was identified as high-risk for metabolic syndrome and he adopted a low carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fiber diet, together with regular exercise which coincided with arrhythmia recurrence. A follow-up Holter test confirmed PVCs. His physician advised a 2nd ablation to treat the AF but informed the patient of the high risk of recurrence, and this prompted him to seek TKM treatment instead.
In his late teens the patient had hepatitis. After taking medication for hepatitis for 2 days, he developed a persistent throat sensation resembling trapped phlegm, along with chest tightness and acid reflux. Gastrointestinal disorder was not determined following the hospital referral, but mild cardiomegaly was noted. In his late teens and early 30s, the patient had urolithiasis.
Upon presentation, he described his experiences including irregular heartbeats all day, along with squeezing chest tightness, a blocked throat sensation, fatigue, heat in his eyes when exhausted and following early awakening, and the number of hours sleep had reduced from 7 to 5 hours per night. Chest tightness and pressure began with his AF diagnosis 3 years ago; these symptoms improved slightly after ablation but never fully resolved. All symptoms, except for the irregular heartbeat, worsened in the early morning or with fatigue. He has taken Sunrythm 50 mg 3 times daily for his tachycardiac arrhythmia for 3 months without improvement in symptoms.
2. Diagnostic assessment
His height was measured as 168 cm and his weight was recorded as 67 kg (a decrease of 3 kg in the last 3 months due to dietary changes and exercise). He reported that his systolic blood pressure was usually 130–140 mmHg, and that he does not take antihypertensive medication (as indicated by local guidelines). Laboratory tests from 10 days earlier showed normal hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and other markers, but the NT-pro BNP level was elevated borderline at 130 pg/mL.
He reported being highly sensitive to the cold, and feeling fatigued in cold environments. In the heat, he experienced uncomfortable foot warmth and excessive sweating in the groin and feet causes fatigue. After his urolithiasis diagnosis, he began drinking large amounts of water. Digestion was reportedly good, but he explained a feeling of food being stuck in his chest or epigastric region, and he frequently experienced acid reflux, both symptoms had persisted since his hepatitis diagnosis.
Fatigue seems to weaken his stomach. Often hungry after meals, he frequently snacks, mainly on cheese. Upon waking, he experiences lower-abdominal gas and passes excessive flatus. Bowel movements occur every 1 to 2 days, with no urinary issues. He avoids alcohol and smoking due to severe sensitivity, and coffee triggers palpitations and tremors.
A tongue photo revealed a pale body with tooth marks. The facial complexion was sallow. Although arrhythmia with chest fullness and pressure was present, these symptoms have not acutely worsened; his blood pressure and other vital signs remained stable, and severe dyspnea was absent. Aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax, and esophageal rupture were deemed unlikely. Chronic chest pressure was noted, and Holter monitoring showed only PVCs (no ST-segment elevation); there was no exercise-induced dyspnea or chest pain, so acute myocardial infarction also seemed unlikely. No symptom aggravation occurred with body movement, coughing, breathing, or swallowing, and there was no fever or chills, making pericarditis and myocarditis unlikely.
Frequent irregular heartbeats and fatigue were reported, but no exercise-induced dyspnea, hypotension, and lightheadedness or (near-)syncope were experienced. Reduced cardiac output or abrupt hypotension was considered unlikely. Holter monitoring indicated only PVCs without tachycardia or bradycardia. There was no perception of a racing or paused heartbeat, suggesting that these extrasystoles did not progress to more severe arrhythmias.
Structural heart disease that can trigger or coexist with arrhythmia was also considered and ruled out. No prior diagnosis of congenital heart disease was identified before ablation, and there is no cyanosis or activity limitation. Recent examinations revealed no cardiac murmurs, and there is no exercise-related dyspnea or dizziness, so valvular disease and heart failure seemed unlikely. Although borderline blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, lipid levels, and an NT-pro BNP of 130 pg/mL could raise the possibility of chronic cardiomyopathy, the absence of other arrhythmias, dyspnea, exercise limitations, edema, or syncope suggests no clinically significant cardiomyopathy.
Noncardiac causes of arrhythmia such as thyroid disease, electrolyte imbalances, or medications were evaluated. Thyroid function (TSH 0.74 μIU/mL, free T3 3.3 pg/mL, free T4 1.44 ng/dL) remained normal, and there were no changes in sweating, temperature tolerance, or appetite. Symptoms often linked to electrolyte disorders, including neuromuscular or psychiatric changes, were not present. Sunrhythm (pilsicainide hydrochloride hydrate), a sodium-channel blocker with possible proarrhythmic effects, was prescribed only after the PVCs were diagnosed; no regular medications were taken previously. Alcohol, coffee, and smoking were avoided, and arrhythmia persists throughout the day with no identifiable external triggers, making noncardiac factors unlikely.
Based on a comprehensive evaluation, the patient’s irregular heartbeats, accompanied by chest and throat discomfort and fatigue, PVCs were diagnosed. In TKM, PVCs correspond to heart deficiency and chest impediment.
3. Therapeutic intervention and clinical outcomes
On Day 1 (initial consultation), the patient reported experiencing irregular heartbeats throughout the day and their associated discomfort were rated 10 using numerical rating scale (NRS). Chest fullness and pressure were rated an NRS of 8, throat tightness and foreign-body sensation were rated 8, and fatigue was rated 6. Based on the patient’s diagnosis and clinical evaluation, 45 packs (15 days’ worth) of Yixin Tang (YXT) were decocted and shipped; the patient began taking these herbal medicines on Day 8 (Table 1)
On Day 21, the patient reported that irregular heartbeats resolved since Day 10 (3rd day of medication). The patient caught a cold on Day 17 and discontinued treatment with both herbal medicine and Sunrhythm, yet no recurrence of irregular heartbeats occurred. The number of hours of sleep remained unchanged at 5–6 hours, but fatigue improved (NRS score 3). Chest fullness, pressure, throat tightness, and foreign-body sensation persisted (NRS score 8). Thus, 45 packs (15 days’ worth) of modified Banxia Houpo Tang (Table 1) were prescribed and sent to the patient.
On Day 37, there were regular heartbeats, but chest and throat discomfort remained unchanged. After discontinuing herbal medicine and Sunrhythm medications due to catching a cold, the patients systolic blood pressure gradually rose to 150 mmHg. Fatigue increased slightly (NRS score 4), and he was consuming fatty foods when he was tired which led to throat irritation and acid reflux. On Day 41, regular heartbeats remained, but initiation of taking herbal medicine caused nausea, so the patient reduced the number of packs from 3 per day to 1 pack every 1 or 2 days. Severe chest and throat discomfort persisted. The pain was described as a dull, numbing sensation from the epigastrium to the chest, like being punched by a fist. In severe episodes, tingling occurred in the face and neck. On Day 54 an increase in tongue coating was apparent (on the photo sent), so, on Day 56 the prescription was changed to Jupi Zhuru Tang (Table 1), and 45 packs were sent.
By Day 80, the patient had a heart rhythm that had remained stable, resolved numbness from the epigastrium to the back, and an improved level of nausea which had been caused by herbal medicine. However, retching was occurring after meals, a bitter taste was sensed upon waking, and chest/throat discomfort persisted, albeit at reduced levels. An endoscopy confirmed mild reflux esophagitis and gastritis, for which treatment began. Given the patient’s gastrointestinal status, absence of arrhythmia, lack of exertional fatigue or dyspnea, and persistent chest/throat discomfort despite normal cardiac findings, symptoms were attributed to gastrointestinal issues rather than cardiac causes. PVCs treatment was discontinued, but periodic follow-up was planned due to the risk of recurrence of arrhythmia under stress or exercise.
Subsequently, intermittent treatment was provided for the patient’s gastrointestinal symptoms including reflux esophagitis and gastritis using various prescriptions: 45 packs of Xiao Chaihu Tang on Day 80, 14 packs of Banxia Houpo Tang combined with Fuling Yin on Day 100, 30 packs of Hou Sheng Ban Gan Ren Tang on Day 168, 30 packs of Buzhong Yiqi Tang on Day 213, and 30 packs of Xiao Chaihu Tang on Day 235. During this period, chest/throat discomfort and gastrointestinal symptoms fluctuated but did not change substantially, and no arrhythmic symptoms recurred through to Day 320. On Day 119, systolic blood pressure was below 150 mmHg. Meanwhile, the NT-pro BNP level which had previously been elevated near the borderline for possible heart failure (e.g., 130 pg/mL on Day 1) had improved to a normal level of 50 pg/mL on Day 320 indicating heart failure was less likely, as confirmed by laboratory findings from another clinic.
A summary of the treatment details and clinical course over time is presented in Figure 1. Sunrhythm was taken 3 times a day for the 3 months before the initial consultation, then, 2 times a day from Day 8 to Day 16, and discontinued after Day 17.
The patient was identified as high-risk for metabolic syndrome during a health screening approximately 3 months earlier, at which time, PVCs were diagnosed. Despite subsequent dietary improvements (increased protein and fiber intake), exercise initiation, weight loss, and reductions in HbA1c and triglycerides over the following 3 months, his arrhythmic symptoms did not improve.
At initial consultation for TKM treatment, he continued to experience irregular heartbeats throughout the day. In this context, YXT was chosen based on the patient’s fatigue, stress sensitivity, and arrhythmic pathology. By the 3rd day of administration, symptoms ceased and did not recur over the 320-day observation period. Other than temporary dietary modifications due to gastrointestinal symptoms, no additional lifestyle changes occurred during the treatment and follow-up period.
Determining whether chest and throat tightness had stemmed from a cardiac or noncardiac source was crucial. In this case, although arrhythmia-related symptoms resolved with YXT, chest and throat tightness persisted throughout treatment with YXT and subsequent treatments. Given that Holter monitoring only showed PVCs, that no cardiac-related symptoms continued after arrhythmia subsided, and that chest discomfort remained constant regardless of exercise, rest, or posture, a cardiac origin was considered unlikely [10]. Endoscopy at another hospital confirmed mild gastroesophageal reflux and gastritis, with musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric causes deemed unlikely [11]. The patient also experienced epigastric-to-back numb pain, aggravated by food but relieved by Jupi Zhuru Tang, further suggesting a gastrointestinal origin [11]. However, persistent chest/throat tightness, despite acid-suppressive therapy and digestive treatments, indicated reflux alone may not fully explain the symptoms. Esophageal motility disorder, which mimics angina and often coexists with reflux, should be considered, and specialized testing may be needed if symptoms persist [12].
YXT includes Danshen, Dangshen, and Baiziren, along with elements of Shengmai San, Guipi Tang, and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang. Effectiveness in resolving PVCs and abnormal Holter findings has been reported [13]. Among its component prescriptions, Shengmai San prevents AF after myocardial ischemia [14], modified Guipi Tang protects myocardial mitochondria and reduces cardiac hypertrophy [15], and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes [16]. Key ingredients like Danshen and Gegen exhibit antiarrhythmic effects by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis [17,18]. A meta-analysis reported that herbal medicines containing Maimendong improved AF frequency, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular ejection fraction in paroxysmal AF [19]. Collectively, YXT may reduce arrhythmia risk by protecting against ischemic damage and myocardial fibrosis, thereby maintaining cardiac electrical stability.
This remote-management case highlights the feasibility of virtual TKM for cardiovascular care amid an aging population and rising home-care demand. In this case, telemedicine was performed for a Korean national living overseas, and herbal medicine prescribed for therapeutic purposes was delivered to the patient after passing appropriate customs procedures in the recipient country. Despite increasing global demand for telemedicine, clear guidelines, and legal frameworks for cross-border telemedicine, including telemedicine for overseas nationals, remain insufficient, indicating the need for appropriate responses [20]. Regulatory discrepancies and data interoperability issues between countries have been identified as major barriers, emphasizing the need for long-term international cooperation and discussion [20].
As the patient lived overseas, direct diagnostic tests and physical exams were unavailable. Furthermore, a significant limitation was that we could not obtain the patient’s Holter monitoring records conducted 3 months prior to our initial consultation, and after symptom resolution, relying instead on patient self-report. The reasons include the patient’s clear and consistent reporting, the lack of substantial clinical benefit outweighing the burden of obtaining older records, and the scheduling difficulties of coordinating overseas follow-up tests with our clinic’s schedule. Additionally, recommending further monitoring after symptom resolution was not clinically justified. However, remote consultations via calls and messaging enabled visual inspections and real-time interviews, minimizing diagnostic limitations. Differences in regional medical guidelines and practices were considered by reviewing his medical history, symptom triggers, test results, prescribed treatments, and local physician assessments to guide evaluation and treatment decisions. Despite these constraints, this case highlights the potential for addressing the unmet needs among arrhythmia patients using TKM and offers preliminary insights for future clinical studies.
This case report presents a patient living abroad who developed PVCs after catheter ablation for AF and received TKM treatment via remote consultations, with no relapse for about 320 days. While the lack of objective testing limits confirmation of a natural course, the findings highlight TKM’s potential in arrhythmia care and its feasibility in telemedicine. Larger controlled trials and clinical guidelines for remote TKM treatment are needed.

Author Contributions

Writing-original draft preparation: JK and DP. Writing-review & editing: HJ, JL, HL, and CA. Data curation: JK and DP. Investigation: DP. Methodology: HJ and JL. Supervision: HJ and JL. Funding acquisition: JL. Resources: HL. Conceptualization: HL and DP. Project administration: JL and DP.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Author Use of AI Tools Statement

The authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) solely for grammar and language improvement during the revision of this manuscript. The AI tool did not contribute to the scientific content, data analysis, or interpretation. The authors take full responsibility for all content.

Funding

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea grant (RS-2022-NR072366) and the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (no. RS-2023-00261934). This research was also supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant no. RS-2025-02221762).

Ethical Statement

This case report is based on the patient’s medical records and received an exemption from the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University (no.: WKIRB-202409-BM-068).

ll relevant clinical details are in the article. Additional data cannot be shared due to privacy regulations but may be available upon reasonable request with institutional approval. This case report is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Given that this is a single-case report, the findings will not be generally universal, and individual patient circumstances can vary significantly.
Figure 1
Timeline of the clinical course.
pim-2025-06-006f1.jpg
pim-2025-06-006f2.jpg
Table 1
Prescriptions and Dosage of the Main Herbal Medicines Used for Arrhythmia-Related Symptoms in This Case
Herbal name Pinyin name Daily dosage (g)
Yixin Tang (Iksim-tang)
45 packs (15-d supply, shipped on Day 1)

Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix Danshen 12
Codonopsis pilosula Radix Dangshen 10
Astragali Radix Huangqi 10
Liriope seu Ophiopogonis Tuber Maimendong 10
Galli Gigeriae Endothelium Corneum Jineijin 8
Schisandrae Fructus Wuweizi 8
Longan Arillus Longyanrou 8
Thujae Semen Baiziren 8
Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus Xiebai 8
Puerariae Radix Gegen 8
Pinelliae Tuber Praeparatum cum Zingibere Jiangzhi Banxia 6
Trichosanthis Semen Gualouren 6

Modified Banxia Houpo Tang (Gamibanhahubak-tang)
45 packs (15-d supply, shipped on Day 21)

Pinelliae Tuber Praeparatum cum Zingibere Jiangzhi Banxia 10
Codonopsis pilosula Radix Dangshen 8
Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix Danshen 8
Poria Sclerotium Fuling 8
Perillae Folium Suye 6
Citri Unshius Pericarpium Chenpi 6
Magnoliae Cortex Houpo 6
Thujae Semen Baiziren 6
Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber Maimendong 6
Schisandrae Fructus Wuweizi 6
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Shengjiang 4
Zizyphi Fructus Dazao 4
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Gancao 4
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Zhiqiao 3

Jupi Zhuru Tang (Gyulpijukyeo-tang)
45 packs (15-day supply, shipped on Day 56)

Zizyphi Fructus Dazao 20
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Jupi 16
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Shengjiang 16
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Gancao 10
Phyllostachyos Caulis in Taeniam Zhuru 8
Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix Dangshen 6

B.I.D = twice a day; HM = herbal medicine; NRS = numerical rating scale; NT-proBNP = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; T.I.D = three times a day.

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        Delivery of Telemedicine to Manage Cardiac Palpitations with Herbal Medicine in a Patient with Premature Ventricular Complexes Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
        Perspect Integr Med. 2025;4(2):110-116.   Published online June 23, 2025
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      Delivery of Telemedicine to Manage Cardiac Palpitations with Herbal Medicine in a Patient with Premature Ventricular Complexes Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
      Image Image
      Figure 1 Timeline of the clinical course.
      Graphical abstract
      Delivery of Telemedicine to Manage Cardiac Palpitations with Herbal Medicine in a Patient with Premature Ventricular Complexes Following Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
      Herbal name Pinyin name Daily dosage (g)
      Yixin Tang (Iksim-tang)
      45 packs (15-d supply, shipped on Day 1)

      Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix Danshen 12
      Codonopsis pilosula Radix Dangshen 10
      Astragali Radix Huangqi 10
      Liriope seu Ophiopogonis Tuber Maimendong 10
      Galli Gigeriae Endothelium Corneum Jineijin 8
      Schisandrae Fructus Wuweizi 8
      Longan Arillus Longyanrou 8
      Thujae Semen Baiziren 8
      Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus Xiebai 8
      Puerariae Radix Gegen 8
      Pinelliae Tuber Praeparatum cum Zingibere Jiangzhi Banxia 6
      Trichosanthis Semen Gualouren 6

      Modified Banxia Houpo Tang (Gamibanhahubak-tang)
      45 packs (15-d supply, shipped on Day 21)

      Pinelliae Tuber Praeparatum cum Zingibere Jiangzhi Banxia 10
      Codonopsis pilosula Radix Dangshen 8
      Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix Danshen 8
      Poria Sclerotium Fuling 8
      Perillae Folium Suye 6
      Citri Unshius Pericarpium Chenpi 6
      Magnoliae Cortex Houpo 6
      Thujae Semen Baiziren 6
      Liriopis seu Ophiopogonis Tuber Maimendong 6
      Schisandrae Fructus Wuweizi 6
      Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Shengjiang 4
      Zizyphi Fructus Dazao 4
      Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Gancao 4
      Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Zhiqiao 3

      Jupi Zhuru Tang (Gyulpijukyeo-tang)
      45 packs (15-day supply, shipped on Day 56)

      Zizyphi Fructus Dazao 20
      Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Jupi 16
      Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens Shengjiang 16
      Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Gancao 10
      Phyllostachyos Caulis in Taeniam Zhuru 8
      Codonopsis Pilosulae Radix Dangshen 6
      Table 1 Prescriptions and Dosage of the Main Herbal Medicines Used for Arrhythmia-Related Symptoms in This Case

      B.I.D = twice a day; HM = herbal medicine; NRS = numerical rating scale; NT-proBNP = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; T.I.D = three times a day.


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