1Jaseng Medical Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
4University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
5British Medical Acupuncture Society, London, United Kingdom
6McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
7Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
8University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
9University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
©2023 Jaseng Medical Foundation
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the work: AJ, LP, and JSS. Collected the data: AJ, LP, and JSS. Contributed data, including data analysis and interpretation: JL, CD, DCC, MC, KT, MSL, SW, CZ, LP, and JSS. Performed the analysis: AJ, LP, and JSS. Drafted the article: AJ, LP, and JSS. Revised the article for important intellectual content: JL, CD, DCC, MC, KT, MSL, SW, CZ, LP, and JSS.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare
Funding
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Ethical Statement
This research did not involve any human or animal experiments.
KMD = Korean medicine doctor; PhD = doctor of philosophy; SD = doctor of science; DO = doctor of osteopathic medicine; FAAPM&R = fellow of the American academy of physical medicine and rehabilitation; FACOCPMR-D = fellow of the American college of osteopathic physical medicine and rehabilitation with added qualification in pain medicine; FAOASM = fellow of the American osteopathic academy of sports medicine; FAADEP = fellow of the American academy of disability evaluating physicians; MD = doctor of medicine; MSc = master of science; FRCOG = fellow of the royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists; MB ChB = bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery; Dip Med Ac = diploma in medical acupuncture; FRSS = fellow of the royal statistical society; FRCP = fellow of the royal college of physicians; BS = bachelor of science; MPH = master of public health.