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From articles published in Perspectives on Integrative Medicine during the past two years (2022 ~ ).

Review Articles
Clinical Research on Pharmacopuncture in Korea: A Scoping Review
Me-riong Kim, Seong Min Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(1):8-23.   Published online February 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.02.003
  • 3,487 View
  • 89 Download
  • 14 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
This scoping review was performed as an update on the effects and safety of pharmacopuncture clinical research for the treatment of multiple indications in Korea. Nine electronic databases were searched to identify comparative clinical studies and clinical practice guidelines on Korean pharmacopuncture from inception to December 31, 2022. In vivo and in vitro studies, and case reports were excluded. There were 226 studies identified, including randomized controlled trials, retrospective comparison observational studies, and single-subject crossover designs, of which 17 focused on clinical safety profiles. Most studies pertained to rehabilitation medicine, especially for musculoskeletal (n = 129) and nervous system disorders (n = 35). The evidence supported treatment of neoplasms, obesity, and stroke sequelae. Adverse events of pharmacopuncture were mostly mild and temporary, and occurred more frequently with bee venom compared with herb-derived solutions. Thirty-five clinical practice guidelines including recommendations on pharmacopuncture were included. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scoping review of clinical pharmacopuncture use in Korea, and our findings support its use in clinical practice and research. Considering the diverse clinical applications of pharmacopuncture, additional pragmatic trials are required to further strengthen the evidence base and develop standard research methodology in Korean medicine.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effect of integrative Korean medicine treatment on symptomatic lumbar facet joint cysts: A case series
    Hee-seung Choi, Yoon Jae Lee, Dae-Hyun Hahm, Hyangsook Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
    EXPLORE.2024; 20(1): 130.     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Follow-Up of Inpatients with Rotator Cuff Tear Who Received Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment: A Retrospective Analysis and Questionnaire Survey
    Dong-Hwi Yoo, Jae-Yong Choi, Sang-Gun Lee, Ki-Won Choi, Han-Bin Park, Ho Kim, Hyunwoo Cho, Sang Don Kim, Doori Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Kyoung Sun Park, In-Hyuk Ha
    EXPLORE.2024; 20(2): 212.     CrossRef
  • Long-term follow-up of inpatients with meniscus tears who received integrative Korean medicine treatment: A retrospective analysis and follow-up survey
    June Haeng Lee, Jin Young Song, Kyoung Sun Park, Jinho Lee, In-Hyuk Ha, Yoon Jae Lee
    Medicine.2024; 103(6): e36917.     CrossRef
  • Pharmacopuncture therapy for adhesive capsulitis: A pragmatic randomized controlled pilot study
    Doori Kim, Kyoung Sun Park, Sun-A Kim, Ji Yeon Seo, Hyun-Woo Cho, Yoon Jae Lee, Changsop Yang, In-Hyuk Ha, Chang-Hyun Han
    Integrative Medicine Research.2024; 13(3): 101065.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of lumbar motion style acupuncture treatment on inpatients with acute low back pain: A pragmatic, randomized controlled trial
    Oh-Bin Kwon, Dong Wook Hwang, Dong-Hyeob Kang, Sang-Joon Yoo, Do-Hoon Lee, Minjin Kwon, Seon-Woo Jang, Hyun-Woo Cho, Sang Don Kim, Kyong Sun Park, Eun-San Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Doori Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2024; 82: 103035.     CrossRef
  • Survey on the current usage of ultrasound-guided procedures in Korean Medicine Clinics and Hospitals
    Ju Yeon Kim, Jung Min Yun, Sook-Hyun Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Dong Kun Ko, In Heo, Woo-Chul Shin, Jae-Heung Cho, Byung-Kwan Seo, In-Hyuk Ha
    Medicine.2024; 103(14): e37659.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and safety of hominis placental pharmacopuncture for chronic temporomandibular disorder: A multi-center randomized controlled trial
    Kyoung Sun Park, Eun-San Kim, Koh-Woon Kim, Jae-Heung Cho, Yoon Jae Lee, Jinho Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
    Integrative Medicine Research.2024; 13(2): 101044.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Research Trends on the Korean Medicine Treatments of Subacromial-Subdeltoid Bursitis
    Hyunsuk Park, Dong-Jin Jang, Jonghyun Lee, Sungjae Yoo, Minji Sun, Junsoo Kim, Yongjun Kim, Jeong-Hee Noh, Si-Hyoung Kim, Jung-Min Yun
    Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2024; 34(2): 85.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Pharmacopuncture on Inpatients with Tension Headache Caused by Traffic Accidents: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
    Ja-Yean Son, Kangmoo Goo, Na-young Kim, Seok-Gyu Yang, Dong Hwan Lee, Yu-Ra Im, Oh Bin Kwon, Hyun-Woo Cho, Sang Don Kim, Doori Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4457.     CrossRef
  • Integrative Korean medicine treatment for inpatients with osteoarthritis of the knee: An observational study
    Soo Kyeong Lee, Eun Je Oh, Gun Hee Bae, Jae Hyuk Woo, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha, Ju Yeon Kim, Doori Kim
    Medicine.2024; 103(32): e39183.     CrossRef
  • Integrative Medicine Focusing on Ultrasound-Guided High-Dose Shinbaro 2 Pharmacopuncture for Acute Herniated Intervertebral Discs: A Case Report
    Nam-Woo Lee, Jinho Lee, Jung-Min Yun, Siwon Kim, Won-Seok Chung
    Healthcare.2024; 12(16): 1620.     CrossRef
  • Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment Masked by Acute Lumbar Disc Herniation: Integrated Korean Medicine Treatment with Ultrasound-Guided Pharmacopuncture
    Hyunsuk Park, Jinhyun Kim, Sungjae Yoo, Jung-Min Yun, Kwangchan Song
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 177.     CrossRef
  • A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness and Safety of Pharmacopuncture for Chronic Lower Back Pain
    Kyoung Sun Park, Changnyun Kim, Joo Won Kim, Sang‐Don Kim, Jee Young Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Jinho Lee, Min Ji Kim, Young Eun Choi, Changsop Yang, Chang-Hyun Han, In-Hyuk Ha
    Journal of Pain Research.2023; Volume 16: 2697.     CrossRef
  • Domestic Clinical Research Trends of Shinbaro Pharmacopuncture: Scoping Review
    Yeongmin Kim, Yunhee Han, Seungkwan Choi, Jungho Jo, Byeonghyeon Jeon, Hyeonjun Woo, Wonbae Ha, Junghan Lee
    Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation.2023; 33(4): 125.     CrossRef
Trends in the Development of Sham Acupuncture-Related Technologies Focused on Patents Applied for in South Korea
Sung Min Lim
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(1):36-41.   Published online February 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.02.005
  • 2,974 View
  • 24 Download
  • 4 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
This study aimed to analyze the trends in Korean patents for sham acupuncture.
Methods
The electronic database of the Korea Intellectual Property Rights Information Service was searched for Korean patents for sham acupuncture from inception till September 2020. Patents, which were not related to sham acupuncture, were excluded. The applicant, application date, International Patent Classification, and technological content of sham acupuncture were analyzed.
Results
This study included eight patents. Application analysis identified the following sham acupuncture types: four (50%), two (25%), and two (25%) patents were for non-penetrating sham acupuncture, electronic sham acupuncture, and patch sham acupuncture, respectively. All patents aimed to use sham acupuncture as a control for rigorous double-blind clinical trials to verify the efficacy of real acupuncture treatment.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that technological advances were focused on developing various types of sham acupuncture methods for double-blind studies. Further large-scale studies using rigorous designs are needed to investigate new sham acupuncture applications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Validation of a New Sham Acupuncture Needle for Double-Blind Trials: A Study Protocol
    Sung Min Lim
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review of sham acupuncture validation studies
    Sung Min Lim, Eunji Go
    BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in the Development of Acupuncture-Related Technologies Based on Patents in South Korea
    Sung Min Lim, Eunji Go, Carmen Mannucci
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medic.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • Systematic Review Protocol for Sham Acupuncture Validation Research
    Sung Min Lim
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2023; 2(2): 131.     CrossRef
A Scoping Review of Clinical Research on Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment
Doori Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):65-76.   Published online June 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.001
  • 3,210 View
  • 54 Download
  • 3 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
This scoping review was conducted to examine the concept of Motion style acupuncture treatment (MSAT), use in clinical practice, its effectiveness, and safety. A literature review of clinical study treatment methods combining acupuncture and movement therapy was performed using PubMed. Of 2,096 studies retrieved, 22 were included in this review. There were 12 randomized controlled trials, and all 22 studies were published in China and Korea, mostly, within the last 3 years. There were five studies concerning local acupoints and 17 studies regarding needling at distal acupoints, and the level of risk of the procedure was “high” in eight studies and “moderate” in 14 studies. The study participants were patients with musculoskeletal pain, and many studies reported significant improvements in pain and functional disability outcomes following treatment using MSAT. For conclusion, MSAT refers to a treatment method in which a patient performs active/passive movements under the supervision of a physician with the acupuncture needle retained at the insertion site. However, there are a limited number of MSAT studies, and various treatment types and related terms are mixed. Further studies, classification of the types of MSAT using a well-established classification system, and a clearer definition of the MSAT concept are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of lumbar motion style acupuncture treatment on inpatients with acute low back pain: A pragmatic, randomized controlled trial
    Oh-Bin Kwon, Dong Wook Hwang, Dong-Hyeob Kang, Sang-Joon Yoo, Do-Hoon Lee, Minjin Kwon, Seon-Woo Jang, Hyun-Woo Cho, Sang Don Kim, Kyong Sun Park, Eun-San Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Doori Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2024; 82: 103035.     CrossRef
  • Graded exercise with motion style acupuncture therapy for a patient with failed back surgery syndrome and major depressive disorder: a case report and literature review
    Do-Young Kim, In-Hyuk Ha, Ju-Yeon Kim
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Progressive Loading–Motion Style Acupuncture Treatment for Acute Low Back Pain after Traffic Accidents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    Seung-Yoon Hwangbo, Young-Jun Kim, Dong Guk Shin, Sang-Joon An, Hyunjin Choi, Yeonsun Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Ju Yeon Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Healthcare.2023; 11(22): 2939.     CrossRef
Shoulder Pain and the Potential Role of Acupuncture: A Narrative Review of Clinical Practice and Treatment Guidelines
Stephen Birch, Myeong Soo Lee, Tae-Hun Kim, Terje Alraek
Perspect Integr Med. 2022;1(1):3-9.   Published online September 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2022.09.002
  • 5,968 View
  • 135 Download
  • 3 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The potential use of acupuncture for shoulder pain of various etiologies and whether clinicians make recommendations about the use of acupuncture was examined. Shoulder pain is a common clinical problem. What is the level of evidence and how often is acupuncture recommended for shoulder pain? A manual and database (PubMed) search of review articles of related clinical trials and guidelines was performed. The evidence for effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of different types of shoulder pain was weak. However, there are some studies, with a weak to moderate level of evidence, on shoulder pain (across nine subtypes of shoulder pain). Acupuncture is safe and may be a cost-effective treatment for shoulder pain. There were 131 statements recommending the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain across 12 subtypes of shoulder pain. The most common statements were for non-specific ‘shoulder pain.’ There were 11 statements against the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain and three subtypes of shoulder pain. The level of evidence in studies of acupuncture treatment for shoulder pain is low, therefore, further research is needed. Recommendations for the use of acupuncture for shoulder pain are increasing but lag behind those for other pain problems such as low back pain.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • “Are we there yet?” – Green shoots of progress in acupuncture implementation in healthcare
    Sandro Graca, Matthias Huemer, Beverley de Valois, Bobbee Vang, Lara McClure
    European Journal of Integrative Medicine.2024; 69: 102371.     CrossRef
  • Health Care Utilization for Common Shoulder Disorders: Analysis of the 2010–2019 National Patient Sample Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea
    Jin-Young Kang, Doori Kim, Huijun Kim, In-Hyuk Ha, Yoon Jae Lee
    Medicina.2024; 60(5): 744.     CrossRef
  • A Review of Key Research and Engagement in 2022
    John McDonald, Sandro Graca, Claudia Citkovitz, Lisa Taylor-Swanson
    Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine.2023; 29(8): 455.     CrossRef
Addressing the Challenges of Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Research: An International Perspective and Proposed Strategies Moving Forward
Maheen Raja, Holger Cramer, Myeong Soo Lee, L. Susan Wieland, Jeremy Y. Ng
Perspect Integr Med. 2024;3(2):86-97.   Published online June 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2024.06.004
  • 1,922 View
  • 59 Download
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) encompasses a broad range of healthcare practices beyond conventional Western medicine. Despite its use globally and increased research, many TCIM research challenges persist impeding its progress and integration into clinical practice. Key challenges involve financial constraints, insufficient research training and educational support, and the methodological barriers which arise from a lack of standardization. Financial limitations hinder investment into crucial research limiting both the quantity and quality of TCIM research. Inadequate training in research and educational support limit the development of TCIM research, hindering growth and recognition of TCIM in academic and clinical settings. The inherent dynamic nature of TCIM therapies poses additional challenges for applying standardized biomedical research models. These challenges not only impede the advancement of TCIM research but also perpetuate negative attitudes and biases within the healthcare and research communities. To overcome these challenges, a comprehensive strategy is necessary to increase funding, improve literacy, and the promotion of open science practices in TCIM. Addressing these confounding factors will enable well-informed TCIM research literacy and the development of TCIM skills and facilitate the integration of evidence based TCIM therapies into a more inclusive healthcare domain, ultimately reducing negative attitudes and biases towards TCIM.

Citations

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  • A Protocol for a Bibliometric Analysis of Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Research Preprints
    Jeremy Y. Ng, Brenda Lin, Sabrina Abdella, Magdalene Abebe, Isabella Tao, Holger Cramer
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 172.     CrossRef
  • Robust Evidence in Integrative Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
    Ye-Seul Lee, Myeong Soo Lee, David Moher, In-Hyuk Ha, Jian-Ping Liu, Terje Alræk, Stephen Birch, Tae-Hun Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Juan V.A. Franco, Jeremy Y. Ng, Holger Cramer
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 162.     CrossRef
Editorial
Korean Medicine Innovative Technologies Development Project: Integrative Advances and Comprehensive Overview of the National R&D Initiative
Yoon Jae Lee, Seungwon Shin, Junhyeok Yi, Minjung Park
Perspect Integr Med. 2024;3(2):69-73.   Published online June 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2024.06.002
  • 1,142 View
  • 41 Download
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract PDF

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Integrative personalized medicine care for adjustment disorder of a post-COVID-19 patient: A CARE-compliant case report
    Won-Kyoung Moon, Ja-Yeon Jeong, Sang-Woo Park, Su-Yeon Yun, Euiju Lee, Seungwon Shin
    Medicine.2024; 103(31): e39121.     CrossRef
  • Robust Evidence in Integrative Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
    Ye-Seul Lee, Myeong Soo Lee, David Moher, In-Hyuk Ha, Jian-Ping Liu, Terje Alræk, Stephen Birch, Tae-Hun Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Juan V.A. Franco, Jeremy Y. Ng, Holger Cramer
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 162.     CrossRef
Review Articles
An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews for Chuna (or Tuina) Manual Therapy on Musculoskeletal Disorders
Doori Kim, Gil Geun Baek, Byung-Cheul Shin
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(3):142-154.   Published online October 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.10.002
  • 1,608 View
  • 39 Download
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
To provide clinicians with reliable evidence an umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) on Chuna manual therapy (CMT) for musculoskeletal disorders was performed to synthesize important outcomes.
Methods
There were eight databases (Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CNKI, KMBASE, KISS, Scienceon, and OASIS) searched as well as the international database Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews in health and social care until August 2023. SRs of randomized controlled trials involving patients with musculoskeletal conditions, limited to interventions explicitly labeled as “Chuna” or “Tuina” in English, Chinese, or Korean language were retrieved. Two reviewers independently conducted selection and data extraction, and SR quality was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews tool (low, medium, or high quality).
Results
This review included 32 SRs, categorized by cervical (n = 4), thoracolumbar (n = 7), upper extremity (n = 5), lower extremity (n = 9), and other musculoskeletal disorders (n = 7). Quality assessments determined that three SRs were of “high” quality, two were “low” quality, and the remaining SRs were of “medium” quality. CMT was consistently reported to demonstrate superior outcomes: an effective rate was observed in 17 of 19 SRs, CMT was effective at reducing pain in 12 of the 16 SRs, and functional outcomes of CMT were observed in 8 of 12 SRs. No serious adverse events were reported.
Conclusion
CMT may be a safe and effective treatment for various musculoskeletal disorders based on the limited number of studies and the low quality of included SRs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Reporting Overviews of Reviews: PRIORitizing a Reporting Guideline
    Lisa Hartling, David Moher
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(2): 65.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness and Safety of Pharmacopuncture on Inpatients with Tension Headache Caused by Traffic Accidents: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
    Ja-Yean Son, Kangmoo Goo, Na-young Kim, Seok-Gyu Yang, Dong Hwan Lee, Yu-Ra Im, Oh Bin Kwon, Hyun-Woo Cho, Sang Don Kim, Doori Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4457.     CrossRef
Minimum Clinically Important Difference for Nonsurgical Interventions for Spinal Diseases: Choosing the Appropriate Values for an Integrative Medical Approach
Ye-Seul Lee, Sungmin Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):86-99.   Published online June 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.003
  • 1,293 View
  • 30 Download
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) plays a crucial role in the design and interpretation of clinical trials, as it helps in distinguishing between statistically significant and clinically meaningful outcomes. This scoping review aims to collate and appraise the current research concerning the validation of MCIDs for surgical and nonsurgical measures for spine disorders. Two databases of MEDLINE (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched. There were 1,590 studies retrieved and 79 were selected as eligible for review. Measurement tools such as the Oswestry Disability Index, Neck Disability Index, Numeric Rating Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale were assessed by regions and interventions. A total of 24 studies identified MCIDs on nonsurgical interventions, and 55 studies identified MCIDs on surgical interventions. The range of MCIDs varied greatly depending on study population, specific interventions, calculation methods, and outcomes. This scoping review emphasizes the complexity and variability in determining MCIDs for musculoskeletal or neurodegenerative spinal diseases, influenced by several factors including the intervention type, measurement tool, patient characteristics, and disease severity. Given the wide range of reported MCIDs, it is crucial to consider the specific context when interpreting these values in clinical and research settings. To select an appropriate MCID value for comparison in a clinical trial, careful consideration of the patient group, intervention, assessment tools, and primary outcomes is necessary to ensure that the chosen MCID aligns with the research question at hand.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Minimum clinically important difference and substantial clinical benefit in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders
    Jaemin Son, Eun‐San Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Nam‐Woo Lee, In‐Hyuk Ha
    Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2024; 51(8): 1468.     CrossRef
  • Safety and effectiveness of integrative Korean medicine for the management of patients sustaining injuries in traffic accidents during pregnancy: A retrospective chart review and questionnaire survey
    Dahyun Kyung, Kyoung Sun Park, Ji-Eun Koo, Sujin Kim, Jiwon Park, Jun-Hyo Bae, Jieun Bae, Suna Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
    Medicine.2024; 103(21): e38250.     CrossRef
A Review of Major Secondary Data Resources Used for Research in Traditional Korean Medicine
Chunhoo Cheon, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Seong-Gyu Ko
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):77-85.   Published online June 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.002
  • 1,726 View
  • 25 Download
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Research in health care using secondary data is steadily increasing worldwide. In this study, secondary healthcare data was reviewed, so that the information can potentially be used for Korean medicine research. The characteristics of the data, including the variables related to Korean medicine and the method of obtaining data, were summarized. The Korean medicine variables were extracted from the Korean Medicine Utilization Survey, Korea Health Panel, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Medical Service Experience Survey, and the health insurance claims data. Except for health insurance claims data, the data was obtained through relatively simple procedures. There were differences in the characteristics of each secondary data and the extent to which it was used in Korean medicine research. Many Korean medicine studies using secondary data will be conducted in the future and researchers must understand the characteristics of the data and analyze it appropriately.

Citations

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  • Real-world data analysis on effectiveness of integrative therapies: A practical guide to study design and data analysis using healthcare databases
    Ye-Seul Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha
    Integrative Medicine Research.2023; 12(4): 101000.     CrossRef
  • Trends in the treatment of fibromyalgia in South Korea between 2011 and 2018: a retrospective analysis of cross-sectional health insurance data
    Jin-Sil Yu, Eun-San Kim, Kyoung Sun Park, Yoon Jae Lee, Yeon Cheol Park, Dongwoo Nam, Eun-Jung Kim, In-Hyuk Ha
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(12): e071735.     CrossRef
Effects of Acupuncture on Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms in Animal Models
Jae-Hwan Jang, Hi-Joon Park
Perspect Integr Med. 2022;1(1):17-20.   Published online September 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2022.09.004
  • 1,700 View
  • 40 Download
  • 2 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition/disease characterized by mechanical and thermal pain. Neuropathic pain can have various comorbidities such as depression, anxiety disorders and cognitive impairment, and as a result, can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Pain and comorbid symptoms are often complicated, intertwined, affect each other, and present difficulties in treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve both pain and comorbid symptoms to treat neuropathic pain. Acupuncture is effective in treating not only pain but other conditions/diseases such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Recently, acupuncture was reported to be effective in improving comorbid symptoms in patients with chronic pain. This review aimed to describe the mechanisms of action of acupuncture on the brain with respect to the improvement of comorbid symptoms that appeared in animal models of chronic neuropathic pain. Comorbidity-pain studies were comprehensively reviewed. Both manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture improved not only mechanical and thermal pain but also comorbid symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. The results of this review suggest that comorbid symptoms can be improved through various mechanisms, including the dopamine system in the brain, glutamate system, inflammation, epigenetic modulation, and mitochondrial function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Long-term follow-up of inpatients with meniscus tears who received integrative Korean medicine treatment: A retrospective analysis and follow-up survey
    June Haeng Lee, Jin Young Song, Kyoung Sun Park, Jinho Lee, In-Hyuk Ha, Yoon Jae Lee
    Medicine.2024; 103(6): e36917.     CrossRef
  • The analgesic effect of acupuncture in neuropathic pain: regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation in the brain
    Jae-Hwan Jang, Yoon Jae Lee, In-Hyuk Ha, Hi-Joon Park
    PAIN Reports.2024; 9(6): e1200.     CrossRef
Original Article
Evidence Map of Acupuncture: Where We Stand and Where We Should Go
Tae-Hun Kim, Jung Won Kang
Perspect Integr Med. 2024;3(2):106-113.   Published online June 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2024.06.006
  • 1,231 View
  • 40 Download
  • 1 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Evidence mapping presents the current status of evidence on a specific field. The "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" published in 2014 gave an overall picture of the evidence on acupuncture treatments for various conditions/diseases. In this study, evidence in 2024 for the effect of acupuncture was reassessed.
Methods
The systematic reviews (SRs) on acupuncture for the 43 conditions/diseases where evidence was previously unclear or potentially effective in the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014 were searched in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and included SRs up to February, 2024. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations assessment in the included SRs was used for assessing the confidence level in the evidence of each condition.
Results
When compared with the results of the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014, the average number of randomized controlled trials included in a SR increased from 11 to 19.5 by 2024. However, the confidence level showed an overall decrease. The reasons for unclear evidence were mainly methodological limitations such as poor research design, small sample size and small number of studies, and the results of the 2024 reassessment did not show a significant difference in the reasons compared with the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014.
Discussion
To improve clinical evidence for acupuncture, simple repetition and increasing the number of new randomized controlled trials does not seem to be effective. To reduce redundancy, large scaled studies should be conducted, and a new critical appraisal tool for acupuncture is needed to avoid unfair evaluation of risk of bias in acupuncture research.

Citations

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  • Robust Evidence in Integrative Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
    Ye-Seul Lee, Myeong Soo Lee, David Moher, In-Hyuk Ha, Jian-Ping Liu, Terje Alræk, Stephen Birch, Tae-Hun Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Juan V.A. Franco, Jeremy Y. Ng, Holger Cramer
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 162.     CrossRef
Protocols
Validation of a New Sham Acupuncture Needle for Double-Blind Trials: A Study Protocol
Sung Min Lim
Perspect Integr Med. 2024;3(1):57-60.   Published online February 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2024.02.008
  • 2,246 View
  • 17 Download
  • 1 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
To establish efficacy in acupuncture treatment, rigorous randomized controlled trials (RCT) are needed. Non-invasive sham acupuncture needles are an effective tool for practitioner/participant blinding. This study presents a protocol for the validation of a newly developed sham acupuncture needle.
Methods
A double-blind RCT will be conducted on 66 healthy adults who will be randomly assigned (using computer-generated random numbers) to either the verum (n = 33) or sham (n = 33) acupuncture needle group. The needles will be inserted at 2 acupuncture points: LI4 (upper limb) and ST36 (lower limb). The primary outcome measure is the practitioner/participants belief that they received verum or sham acupuncture. The secondary outcome measures are participant-rated sensations (penetration, pain, and de qi). Adverse events will be recorded with detailed explanations, categorizing occurrences according to related or unrelated to acupuncture. As the newly developed sham acupuncture has not been studied before, an exploratory approach has been adopted. Descriptive statistics, t test, and χ² test will be applied appropriately.
Results
This study is intended to provide a protocol for the validation of a sham acupuncture needle by using a double-blind RCT setting, and the results will hopefully contribute to the standardization of the needles used for sham acupuncture. The outcomes aim to determine the reliability of practitioner/participant blinding, participant experience of sensations, and lay groundwork for a standardized control group for clinical trials in the future. The newly developed non-invasive sham acupuncture needle may reduce bias and improve reliability in the size effect of acupuncture treatment.

Citations

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  • A Protocol for the Validation of Novel Sham Acupuncture in Patients Who Have Had a Stroke
    Sung Min Lim
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 168.     CrossRef
Systematic Review Protocol for Sham Acupuncture Validation Research
Sung Min Lim
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):131-133.   Published online June 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.008
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Streitberger and Park sham needles have been developed and used as non-penetrating sham acupuncture needles that can be blinded in randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the efficacy of acupuncture. Ideal sham acupuncture should not be distinguishable from an actual acupuncture treatment provided to the experimental group to ensure patient blinding; additionally, it should not have any physiological or biological effect. Providing evidence for such sophisticated sham acupuncture devices is critical, as control settings in clinical studies are based on research verifying their validity.
Methods
Three core electronic databases - PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - will be used to search for validity verification studies of sham acupuncture devices. Clinical studies that verify the validity of non-penetrating sham acupuncture devices will be included in the review.
Results
The study design, participant information, experimental and control groups, study population’s experience with acupuncture, outcome variables, and results of studies that verify the validity of sham acupuncture devices will be systematically reviewed.
Conclusion
This systematic review of validity verification studies of sham acupuncture devices is expected to help the development of more sophisticated sham acupuncture, as well as the design of studies verifying its validity in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A systematic review of sham acupuncture validation studies
    Sung Min Lim, Eunji Go
    BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Guideline
ACURATE: A Guide for Reporting Sham Controls in Trials Using Acupuncture
Ye-Seul Lee, Song-Yi Kim, Hyangsook Lee, Younbyoung Chae, Myeong Soo Lee
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(2):100-106.   Published online June 23, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.06.004
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This paper presents the Acupuncture Controls gUideline for Reporting humAn Trials and Experiments (ACURATE) checklist, an extension of The Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) and to be used along with STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) when both real and sham acupuncture needles are used in the study. This checklist focuses on a clear depiction of sham needling procedures to enhance replicability and enable a precise appraisal. We encourage researchers to use ACURATE in trials and reviews involving sham acupuncture to assist reporting of sham acupuncture procedures and the related components.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Robust Evidence in Integrative Medicine: Innovations, Challenges, and Future Directions
    Ye-Seul Lee, Myeong Soo Lee, David Moher, In-Hyuk Ha, Jian-Ping Liu, Terje Alræk, Stephen Birch, Tae-Hun Kim, Yoon Jae Lee, Juan V.A. Franco, Jeremy Y. Ng, Holger Cramer
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(3): 162.     CrossRef
Original Article
An Observational Study on the Anatomical Characteristics of Acupoint CV23 (Lianquan) with Ultrasonography
Hongmin Chu, Seongjun Park, Jaehyo Kim, Wonbae Ha, Seung Bum Yang, Kyungho Kang, Jongho Kim, Jungtae Leem, Sanghun Lee
Perspect Integr Med. 2023;2(1):49-55.   Published online February 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.56986/pim.2023.02.007
  • 1,775 View
  • 42 Download
  • 1 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Acupoint CV23 is one of the most commonly used acupoints for the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and tongue pain. However, care must be taken during the procedure to consider the position of glands and blood vessels in the subcutaneous space of the acupoint. Needling depths to the geniohyoid muscle reportedly range from 0.4 to 3.3 cm. Using ultrasound imaging, we aimed to observe the anatomical characteristics around acupoint CV23 to derive a safe needling depth.
Methods
Ultrasound images of acupoint CV23 accessed from the Standard Ultrasound Image of Acupoint database were retrospectively analyzed for 30 participants aged in their 20s and 30s (15 male, 15 female), and the depth from the skin to the geniohyoid muscle was measured. Correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors (such as neck circumference) were analyzed.
Results
The average needling depth to the geniohyoid muscle was 1.59 ± 0.49 cm (male; 1.43 ± 0.52 cm, female, 1.75 ± 0.42 cm, p = 0.03). The geniohyoid muscle, anterior digastric muscles, and genioglossus muscle were observed in the subcutaneous area of acupoint CV23, and a risk of sublingual gland damage needs to be considered for oblique insertion of the acupuncture needle. No statistically significant correlations between the needling depth and anthropometric factors were observed.
Conclusion
Acupoint CV23 has a relatively shallow needling depth, and considering the presence of blood vessels and glands in the sublingual space, visualizing the surrounding anatomical structures using ultrasound was helpful to ensure safe needling practice.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Survey on the current usage of ultrasound-guided procedures in Korean Medicine Clinics and Hospitals
    Ju Yeon Kim, Jung Min Yun, Sook-Hyun Lee, Yoon Jae Lee, Dong Kun Ko, In Heo, Woo-Chul Shin, Jae-Heung Cho, Byung-Kwan Seo, In-Hyuk Ha
    Medicine.2024; 103(14): e37659.     CrossRef

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